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LA INVESTIGACIóN BIOMéDICA ACTUAL: UN CUESTIONAMIENTO A LA SOCIEDAD EN SU CONJUNTO
Rovaletti,María Lucrecia;
Acta bioethica , 2003, DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2003000100010
Abstract: the second biomedical revolution puts into question human society as a whole inasmuch as it gives to human being the dominion over three fundamental systems, namely: reproduction, genetics, and the nervous system. current experiment assays go beyond either health protection or health recovery, thus allowing new techniques to be challenged in the sense that they may modify the evolution of species; furthermore they may modify humans as a species. on no account, however, are we suggesting simply that some control program on science be implemented, nor are we willing to sow mutual suspicions likely to generate an endless quarrel on scientific advance. to progress towards an actual problem solving process coupled to a cooperation between scientific culture and human values, it is necessary that research on people must be transformed into researching with people. to which extent, however, medical research is in a position to envision new alliances between scientific tasks and human demands? setting up an expanded scientific community able and willing to present new social actors with a collective appropriation of knowledge is an urgent commitment to be considered thoroughly
DERECHOS HUMANOS, SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIóN Y SOCIEDAD DE RIESGO
Rovaletti,María Lucrecia;
Acta bioethica , 2010, DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2010000200010
Abstract: online bursting obliges to rethink the right to privacy, given the organization of huge databases of personal character. furthermore, it must be added that the possibility of intercrossing information content may facilitate the control and manipulation of sensible information. these new information and communication technologies (ict), in continuous development, have expanded also to different health fields, affecting all stakeholders, both users and professionals, public powers and social security organisms. given the specific stigmatization towards hiv/aids, requesting several restrictions for access in those banks is needed and also international norms to deal with the "information society", so that "risk society" does not get worse.
LA ODISEA DE LA ESPECIE: EL PORVENIR LEJANO DE LA HUMANIDAD
Rovaletti,María Lucrecia;
Acta bioethica , 2005, DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2005000100008
Abstract: the notion of "technical transcendency" or "operatory" is raised starting from man's definition as a "praxis being". since technoscience establishes that limits are settled to be transgressed, it is compared with the concept of "utopia" as an "transcendental operator" (s. breton). this leads us to think about a new "evolution" not due to natural changes, but to human technoscientific power. thus, we have two alternatives: confrontations and breaches, or a fair and reasoned debate of each situation
LAS EXIGENCIAS DE UNA éTICA DEL CONOCER
Rovaletti,María Lucrecia;
Acta bioethica , 2002, DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2002000100013
Abstract: the desire of knowledge, one of man’s most important goals, there are also mixed wishes of other type, like ambition or competition, which can deviate him from his uninterested objectives. that is why there are many people who throw a suspect on this libido sciendi that has become a libido dominandi where the legal valorization of power and the idolatry of progress are combined. it will be the ethic comisions or comites to play a calming function that can work as a boundary to this cultural anguish. however, these possible deviations must not only be atributed to the desire of knowing in itself, but to the social system, which, troughout the institutions, compels investigators to compete among themselves with projects and publications, and obliges them to enter either into an economic competition or into an international confrontation in order to obtain recognition. as members of a scientific comunity, with its own interests, it is necessary for us to defend the autonomy of this libido cognoscendi in front of those who take social decisions, in the measure that economical resources for investigation depend on them. uninterested investigation is still very important for the cultural wellfare of society, but it is important to be on guard, as man is not only in the centre of investigations, but also of its applications
MáS ALLá DE LA ENFERMEDAD: LAS PRERROGATIVAS DE LA BIOMEDICINA ACTUAL
Rovaletti,María Lucrecia;
Acta bioethica , 2000, DOI: 10.4067/S1726-569X2000000200009
Abstract: in the presence of the problems posed by new technologies, traditional medical ethics is not able to respond satisfactorily. at the present time, research and biotechnological experimental applications are more and more numerous and artificial, following a desire and a constancy that ignores limits and whose unbalanced condition or meta-stability constitutes its unique and tireless motive. the search for knowledge vanishes in front of the implacable "logic of efficacy". this problem becomes worse because present biological revolution (bernard), in contrast to therapeutical revolution -which affected the medical practice related to the individual- affects humanity as a species. but, wouldn’t the control of scientific activities be equivalent to restrict the acquisition of fundamental knowledge? to new domains correspond new responsibilities. opposite to the old humanism founded on finality and paternalism, a new humanism appeals to responsibility. thus, the "principle of responsibility" (hans jonas) has an ethical sense only when each individual discovers himself as author, in one sense or the other, of long-range changes and of forces he does not control. in a time in which science has become more operative, active and manipulative -that is to say where knowledge is also power and acting- philosophical thinking has to be directed to a new practical reason
La Ambiguedad de la Muerte: Reflexiones en torno a la Muerte Contemporánea
Rovaletti,María Lucrecia;
Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría , 2002,
Abstract: while in traditional societies death could be intergrated with life by means of symbols, rites and myths, in contemporary secularized societies this capacity has been lost. death is now a phenomenon that is put at a distance, by trivializing it at daily level or by considering it, at a medical level, as an accident that must be fought against by current bio-technology. more than death per se what matters is the suffering and defenselessness that a long and incurable disease usually generates. paradoxically the medical advances and better health and education policies that have made preservation and prolongation of human life possible, have also made it possible that the fate of many be to end in years of infirmity, dependency and unhappiness due to chronic and dementing illnesses as the population grows older. the ambiguity that the problem of death offers us holds a close relationship with changes in the medical and judiciary fields; it's a global change that includes always medical mediation. if we can speak today of " medicalization of society" and at the same time of a " judicalization of medicine", we can also speak of a " medicalization " and a " judicalization of death". then can themes appear like "hospitalized death", that is, a technicalization of dying. recent technological advances introduce us into new scenarios that were impossible before, like problems associated with "dignified dying, active suicide (assisted or non/assisted), palliative care" or the "expected death" of a donor that generates the miracle of rebirth thru a transplant. however, before "biological death" comes "my own death" in the sense that no one can affront it in my place, that death is an authentic decision and a personal responsibility. finally, while "voluntary death ( freitod )" is analized , its ultimate motivations remain a mystery. it is suicide in melancholic and schizophrenic pathologies that cannot be understood thru psychiatrization but by a fascination with death instead
DERECHOS HUMANOS, SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIóN Y SOCIEDAD DE RIESGO DIREITOS HUMANOS, SOCIEDADE DA INFORMA O E SOCIEDADE DE RISCO HUMAN RIGHTS, INFORMATION SOCIETY AND RISK SOCIETY
María Lucrecia Rovaletti
Acta Bioethica , 2010,
Abstract: La irrupción de la informática obliga a replantear el derecho a la intimidad, dada la organización de grandes bancos de datos de carácter personal. Debe a adirse además que la posibilidad del entrecruzamiento de la información contenida en los mismos puede facilitar el control y la manipulación de información sensible. Estas nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC), en continuo desarrollo, se han expandido también a los distintos dominios de salud, incidiendo en todos los actores, tanto usuarios como profesionales, poderes públicos y organismos de seguridad social. Dada la particular estigmatización que conlleva el complejo VIH/SIDA, es preciso exigir severas restricciones en el acceso a estos bancos, pero también normativas internacionales acordes, para que con la "sociedad de la información" no se agudice aún más la "sociedad de riesgo". A irrup o da informática obriga a reconsiderar o direito à intimidade, dada a organiza o de grandes bancos de dados de caráter pessoal. Deve-se acrescentar, ademais, que a possibilidade do entrecruzamento da informa o contida nestes bancos pode facilitar o controle e a manipula o de informa o sensível. Estas novas tecnologias de informa o e comunica o (TIC), em contínuo desenvolvimento, têm se expandido também aos diferentes domínios da saúde, incidindo em todos os atores, seja de usuários e profissionais, poderes públicos e organismos de seguran a social. Dada a particular estigmatiza o que implica o complexo HIV/AIDS, é preciso exigir severas restri es no acesso a estes bancos, ademais de normativas internacionais acordes, para que a "sociedade da informa o" n o agudize ainda mais a "sociedade de risco". Online bursting obliges to rethink the right to privacy, given the organization of huge databases of personal character. Furthermore, it must be added that the possibility of intercrossing information content may facilitate the control and manipulation of sensible information. These new information and communication technologies (ICT), in continuous development, have expanded also to different health fields, affecting all stakeholders, both users and professionals, public powers and social security organisms. Given the specific stigmatization towards HIV/AIDS, requesting several restrictions for access in those banks is needed and also international norms to deal with the "information society", so that "risk society" does not get worse.
LAS EXIGENCIAS DE UNA éTICA DEL CONOCER AS EXIGêNCIAS DE UMA éTICA DO SABER DEMANDS OF AN ETHICS OF KNOWLEDGE
María Lucrecia Rovaletti
Acta Bioethica , 2002,
Abstract: El deseo de conocer , una de las aspiraciones fundamentales del hombre, se conjuga con la ambición o la competitividad, fenómenos que pueden desviarlo de sus objetivos desinteresados. Actualmente se arroja una sospecha sobre esta libido sciendi, que ha devenido una libido dominandi, donde se combinan la valorización legítima del poder y la idolatría del progreso. Sin embargo, las posibles desviaciones no deben ser imputadas solamente al deseo de conocer mismo, sino también al sistema social que, por medio de las instituciones, obliga a los investigadores a librar entre ellos una competencia permanente a través de proyectos y publicaciones, conminándolos a plegarse a las leyes de la concurrencia económica o entrar en el juego de la competición internacional por el prestigio. Como miembros de una comunidad científica con intereses propios, es preciso que defendamos la autonomía de esta libido cognoscendi frente a los decisores sociales en la medida que de ellos dependen los recursos económicos para la investigación. La investigación aún desinteresada constituye un capital importante para el enriquecimiento cultural de la sociedad, pero es importante permanecer vigilante pues el hombre está en el centro de las investigaciones como también de sus aplicaciones O "desejo de conhecer" uma das aspira es fundamentais do homem, conjugase com a ambi o ou a competitividade, fen menos que podem promover desvio de seus objetivos desinteressados. Atualmente lan a-se suspeita sobre a "libido sciendi" que vem se transformando em "libido dominandi", situa o que combina valoriza o legítima do poder e a idolatria do progresso. Entretanto, os possíveis desvios n o devem ser imputados somente ao desejo de conhecer, mas, também, ao sistema social que, por meio das institui es, obriga os investigadores a demonstrarem competência permanente através de projetos e publica es compelindo-os a submeterem-se às leis da concorrência econ mica ou adaptarem-se ao jogo da competi o internacional pelo prestígio. Como membros de uma comunidade científica com interesses próprios, é preciso que defendamos a autonomia da "libido cognoscendi" frente aos determinantes sociais na medida em que deles dependem os recursos econ micos para investiga o. A investiga o ainda que desinteressada constitui valor importante para o enriquecimento cultural da sociedade, mas é necessário permanecer vigilante pois o homem encontra-se no centro das investiga es, assim como as aplica es advindas das mesmas The desire of knowledge, one of man’s most important goals, there are also mixed wishes of other
LA INVESTIGACIóN BIOMéDICA ACTUAL: UN CUESTIONAMIENTO A LA SOCIEDAD EN SU CONJUNTO A PESQUISA BIOMéDICA ATUAL: UM QUESTIONAMENTO à SOCIEDADE NO SEU CONJUNTO BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH NOWADAYS: QUESTIONING SOCIETY AS A WHOLE
María Lucrecia Rovaletti
Acta Bioethica , 2003,
Abstract: La segunda revolución biomédica pone en cuestión a la sociedad humana en su totalidad en la medida que le otorga al hombre el dominio de tres sistemas fundamentales: el de la reproducción, el de la genética y el del sistema nervioso. Los nuevos ensayos experimentales sobrepasan la protección o el restablecimiento de la salud y llevan a cuestionar las nuevas técnicas en tanto son capaces de modificar la evolución de las especies, más aún, de modificar la humanidad en tanto que especie. No se pretende postular un programa simplemente de control de la "ciencia", ni alimentar sospechas recíprocas generando una interminable querella sobre el progreso científico. Para avanzar hacia una real solución del problema y una cooperación entre la cultura científica y los valores humanos, es necesario transformar la experimentación sobre el hombre en experimentación con el hombre. En qué medida la investigación médica puede considerar nuevas alianzas entre las tareas científicas y las demandas humanas? Urge plantear una "comunidad científica ampliada" que permita a los nuevos actores sociales una apropiación colectiva de los saberes A segunda revolu o biomédica coloca em quest o a sociedade humana em sua totalidade na medida em que outorga ao homem o domínio de três sistemas fundamentais, o da reprodu o, o da genética e o do sistema nervoso. Os novos ensaio experimentais v o além da prote o ou do restabelecimento da saúde e levam a questionar as novas técnicas enquanto s o capazes de modificar a evolu o das espécies, ainda mais, de modificar a humanidade enquanto espécie. N o se pretende postular um programa simplesmente de controle da "ciência", nem de alimentar dúvidas recíprocas criando uma interminável discuss o a respeito do progresso científico. Para avan ar em dire o de uma real solu o do problema e uma coopera o entre a cultura científica e dos valores humanos, é necessário transformar a pesquisa sobre o homem em pesquisa com o homem. Em que medida a pesquisa médica pode considerar novas alian as entre as tarefas científicas e as demandas humanas? Urge criar uma "comunidade científica ampliada" que permita aos novos atores sociais uma apropria o coletiva dos saberes The second biomedical revolution puts into question human society as a whole inasmuch as it gives to human being the dominion over three fundamental systems, namely: reproduction, genetics, and the nervous system. Current experiment assays go beyond either health protection or health recovery, thus allowing new techniques to be challenged in the sense that they may modify the evolution of
LA ODISEA DE LA ESPECIE: EL PORVENIR LEJANO DE LA HUMANIDAD A ODISSéIA DA ESPéCIE: O DISTANTE FUTURO DA HUMANIDADE THE SPECIES' ODYSSEY: HUMANITY'S DISTANT FUTURE
María Lucrecia Rovaletti
Acta Bioethica , 2005,
Abstract: A partir de la definición del hombre como "ser práxico", se plantea la noción de "trascendencia técnica" u "operatoria". Dado que la tecnociencia considera que los límites se establecen para ser transgredidos, se la compara con el concepto de "utopía" como "operador de trascendencia" (S. Breton). Esto nos lleva a pensar en una nueva "evolución", ya no fruto de los cambios naturales sino del poder tecnocientífico humano. Entonces, ante esto caben dos alternativas: la de los enfrentamientos y desgarros, o la del debate sereno y argumentado de cada situación A partir da defini o de homem como "ser práxico", se coloca a no o de "transcendência técnica" ou "operacional". Dado que a tecnolciência considera que os limites se estabelecem para ser transgredidos, compara-se com o conceito de "utopia" como " operador de transcendencia" ( S. Breton). Isto nos leva a pensar numa nova "evolu o", que n o seja fruto das mudan as naturais, mas do poder tecnocientífico humano. Ent o, frente a ele surgem duas alternativas: a dos enfrentamentos e desvios, ou a do debate sereno e argumentado de cada situa o The notion of "technical transcendency" or "operatory" is raised starting from man's definition as a "praxis being". Since technoscience establishes that limits are settled to be transgressed, it is compared with the concept of "utopia" as an "transcendental operator" (S. Breton). This leads us to think about a new "evolution" not due to natural changes, but to human technoscientific power. Thus, we have two alternatives: confrontations and breaches, or a fair and reasoned debate of each situation
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